Binding post

This type of connection is widely used in Home Entertainment to connect speakers. A general way is to either tie up a wire or a clamp using the side entry or to use a 4mm (banana) plug for the rear entry of the binding post.

DVI

DVI stands for Digital Video Interface and it is a bit confusing because the term is identified with more than one signal type and more than one connector type. DVI connection subdivides into three different connection types, two of which use different signal types. The following are the three types of DVI.

1. DVI-A is nothing but RGBHV (computer monitor connection) in a funny connector, capable of transferring analog video and not as resistant to outside interference as a DVI-D
2. DVI-D is a parallel digital video standard, primarily used in computer monitors and some Home Entertainment level video displays. It also subdivides into 2 different types: Single-Link and a Dual-Link. Single-link allows resolutions up to 1080i and 720p, while dual link allows resolutions up to 1080p. In other words, Dual-Link has a higher bandwidth and just like with any video connection, higher bandwidth means better picture.
3. DVI-I is not really a signal type, but refers to a connector type which combines DVI-A and a Single-Link DVI-D.

HDMI

HDMI stands for High Definition Multimedia Interface and in simple words is a DVI-D + S/Pdif run in one connector. This type of connection is widely used in Home Entertainment, but can also be found in some professional equipment.

iEEE 1394 Fire Wire

From Receivers, some MP3 players, camcorders and televisions, all the way to computers, servers, phone and cable distributor stations, this connection can be found virtually anywhere. With speeds reaching 800 MBps it's considered to be one of the most common high speed external connections on the market today. This connection is a digital connection, which is made to transfer data. Data can be video, audio, computer file or any kind of information that is kept in digital format. 

Component Video

A connection known as Y/Pb/Pr or Y/Cb/Cr. Has sync on Green Chrominance line, which is Y. Blue Chrominance + Luminance on Pb (Cb) and Red Chrominance + Luminance on Pr (Cr). Can transfer resolutions up to 1080i. In simple words it's Yellow (Y)/Picture blue (Pb)/Picture red (Pr) or Yellow (Y)/Chrominance blue (Cb)/Chrominance red (Cr)

S-Video

A type of connection, which splits the chrominance and luminance out onto two separate lines. Can transfer resolutions up to 480i.

Composite Video

Composite Video utilizes a single interconnect, which carries both the chrominance (color) and luminance (brightness) components of a video signal, along with sync information, on a single wire. Can transfer resolutions up to 480i.

Composite Audio

This is the most general connection for audio. Almost every piece of audio equipment on the market today, has this connection. Thi particular connection utilizes RCA jacks and plugs to interconnect components.

Digital Coaxial Audio or S/Pdif

S/Pdif stands for SONY/PHILIPS digital interface. Invented by 2 large companies, connection is mainly used in computers and most home theater systems. Made to transfer digital audio utilizing a regular RCA cable. Sometimes this connection can be found in its very rare - optical form.

Optical Digital Audio

Also known as Fiber Optic Audio or Optical Audio – a digital audio connection mainly used in computers, most home theater systems, some Plasma displays, some LCD or LCDTFT displays. Just like S/Pdif, this connection transfers digital audio. The only difference is that this connection uses optics to transfer the signal instead of the copper or silver conductor. Since this is a pure optical connection, it does not suffer from electo-magnetic and radio interference. Length of a cable is not such a big issue for optical connections. When using a high purity optical cable, you can run it for miles and still get an extremely low signal loss. 

BNC 

This is an advanced connection, which is mainly used in industry, but also exists in top end Home Entertainment equipment. This connection is Used for both analog and digital signal types. When this connection is used in analog applications, by the signal type it reminds of a regular RCA connection and can be used to transfer composite, component, RGB and HD15 signals. While utilized as a digital connection, the primary use is SDI (serial digital interface).